Roles of dietary supplementation of exogenous protease in low fishmeal aquafeed: a mini review

Abstract The replacement of fishmeal (FM) with economical and nutritious FM alternatives including plant animal-based protein ingredients has become a global research priority. However, the presence several anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) in these may impair nutrient utilization fish. supplementation exogenous protease as feed additives could be an effective approach to improve digestibility alternative proteins. Proteases are protein-digesting enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis complex macromolecules into simpler amino acids. Exogenous stimulates activities endogenous proteolytic for better digestion absorption This review article summarizes optimum levels various fish species its beneficial effects on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, whole-body composition, physiochemical parameters, immunity, gene expression Moreover, interactive organic acids probiotics also discussed. Overall, is viable solution poor alternatives. Important gaps, however, exist current knowledge, particularly regard effect proteins most studies have focused plant-based additional gut microbes antioxidant parameters will provide basis understanding mode action protease. scarce knowledge areas limits scope additive aquaculture sector.